Rice
fertilization guide
Rice fertilization guide
Rice can be successfully cultivated in a wide range of soil types; however, the highest yields are achieved in heavy, cohesive soils with high clay and silt content.
These soils are characterized by good water-holding capacity, a particularly important trait for maintaining a stable water level in rice paddies.
The crop’s sensitivity to salinity varies depending on its growth stage:
Rice is sensitive to salts from germination until the start of tillering, shows greater tolerance during vegetative growth, and becomes sensitive again during the reproductive phase.
In terms of acidity, rice grows satisfactorily in soils with a pH ranging from 5.0 to 8.5, with the ideal range being 6.0–6.5.
The unique nature of rice cultivation, due to the continuous flooding of the soil with water, makes adequate nutrition and targeted fertilization critical factors for the vigorous growth of the plants, the formation of a rich tillering system, and the achievement of high and high-quality grain yields.
| Godišnje nutritivne potrebe u kg / ha | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit Type | Azot (N) | Fosfor (P2O5) | Kalijum (K2O) | Sulphur (S) | |
| Rice | 20 – 25 | 8 – 11 | 20 – 25 | 3 – 4 | |
From Germination to the Start of Tillering
From germination to the appearance of the fourth leaf, the crop intensively develops its root system, which reaches its maximum growth during flowering. With the appearance of the fifth leaf, rapid vegetative growth begins, and the plant enters the tillering stage.
Basal fertilization plays a critical role in the establishment of the crop in the soil, creating the foundation for robust vegetative growth, a rich tillering process, and satisfactory production of inflorescences and seeds.
The flooding of the rice paddy makes the use of Nitrogen in Uric and Ammoniacal form necessary, as Nitrate Nitrogen is easily leached and lost from the soil.
Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) enhance the development of a rich root system and contribute to increasing plant height and leaf size. Potassium (K) improves root and leaf surface development, enhances water absorption, and contributes to the crop’s resistance to diseases.
Zinc (Zn) is essential for key metabolic processes of the root and plays a decisive role in photosynthetic capacity and overall vegetative growth.
From the Start to the End of Tillering
During this period, the plants progressively increase in height, develop new leaves, and enter the tillering stage.
The development, number, and productivity of the tillers are enhanced in conditions of high sunlight, intense photosynthetic activity, and good nutritional supply of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K).
The crop’s needs for Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) are covered by basal fertilization, while Nitrogen (N) is applied on the surface at the start of tillering.
A key factor in the selection of the surface fertilizer is the high content of Ammoniacal Nitrogen, as it is the preferred form of Nitrogen for the crop until it enters the reproductive stage.
Approximately two months after germination, the rice reaches its maximum number of tillers, and the crop enters the reproductive stage.
Nitrogen (N) – Accelerates vegetative growth, increases the number and size of leaves, enhances photosynthetic capacity, and promotes the formation of productive tillers.
Phosphorus (P) – Favors tillering and introduces the crop into the reproductive phase in a timely manner.
Potassium (K) – Contributes to determining the number of tillers and enhances the mechanical strength of the plants, reducing the risk of lodging.
From the End of Tillering to the End of Flowering
Towards the end of tillering, the differentiation of the inflorescence begins, and the number of grains that each panicle will bear is pre-determined. At the same time, the plants accelerate the growth of the root system, increase in height, and begin accumulating nutrients in their plant organs, which will be used during the development and filling of the grains. Approximately one month later, the plants reach their maximum height, and the development and expansion of the inflorescence are completed. Flowering and fertilization of the florets follow, lasting 7 to 10 days.
During this period, any environmental stress or lack of nutrients – especially Nitrogen – can significantly reduce the final yield, negatively affecting the size of the inflorescence, the number of spikelets, and the number of potential grains per panicle.
Surface fertilization with Nitrogen during the inflorescence formation stage is essential and one of the most important cultivation practices to ensure high production.
Nitrogen (N) – Stimulates vegetative growth, enhances photosynthesis, and increases the number and size of panicles, spikelets, and grains per panicle.
Phosphorus (P) – Promotes early flowering and increases the number of formed inflorescences.
Potassium (K) – Improves the production and composition of nutrients in the leaves and increases the number of spikelets per panicle and the percentage of filled grains.
Sulfur (S) – Has a positive effect on the size and number of inflorescences per plant and improves the yield and quality of the grains.
From the End of Flowering to Maturity
Immediately after the end of flowering, the development and filling of the grains begins, through the accumulation of carbohydrates from both the reserves of the plant organs and the ongoing photosynthetic activity of the leaves. The carbohydrates are then converted into starch, which gradually solidifies as the development of the grains completes.
Approximately two weeks after the end of flowering, the grains reach their maximum weight, with moisture ranging between 25-30%. As maturation continues, the moisture decreases to 18-21%, and the grains harden, signaling the appropriate stage for harvesting.
High sunlight and maintaining healthy foliage are crucial factors for achieving high and quality production, as the majority of carbohydrates used for grain filling are produced during this stage.
Nitrogen (N) – Maintains the active photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and contributes to the increase in grain weight.
Phosphorus (P) – Promotes uniform ripening and increases grain weight.
Potassium (K) – Supports the production and transport of carbohydrates from the leaves to the grains, enhancing their size, weight, and quality.
Basic fertilization provides the plants with the necessary nutrients for good establishment in the soil, the development of a strong root system, and the formation of vigorous vegetation. At the same time, it ensures the essential reserves of Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) that will be used in later critical stages, such as tillering, reproduction, and the formation and filling of grains.
It is applied as follows:
- 40% of the total required Nitrogen (N)
- Entire amount of Phosphorus (P)
- Entire amount of Potassium (K)
The Nitrogen in the basic fertilization should be applied in Uric and Ammoniacal form, to avoid leaching into deeper soil layers and ensure its availability for the crop.
It is recommended to use multi-nutrient fertilizers with polymer technology (Omega Orizon) that prevent the deactivation of nutrients in the soil, ensuring the sufficient supply of the plants with easily assimilable nutrients during all periods of high demand.
| Rice fertilizing | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tip đubriva | Vreme primene | Dosage per acre |
Ωmega orizon 32-6-8 (+8) +0,5Zn | Osnovno đubrenje | 50 – 70 kg |
* Navedene količine primene su predlog, za konkretne programe primene đubriva u određenim zasadima i usevima, potražiti savet lokalnog agronoma.
Surface Fertilization (Onset of Tillering)
Surface fertilization with Nitrogen at the onset of tillering enhances the formation of productive tillers, accelerates the vegetative growth of the plants, and supports the differentiation of reproductive organs. Simultaneously, it plays a crucial role in filling the grains in the later stages of the crop.
It is applied as follows:
- 40% of the required Nitrogen (N)
It is recommended to apply Nitrogen-rich fertilizers in Ammoniacal form (Sullfogran, NutrActive, Ωmega 26N & Fertammon) that provide smooth and balanced nutrition to the crop, protecting plants from lodging and disease (such as Pyricularia).
Surface Fertilization (Heading Stage)
Surface fertilization at the heading stage: To achieve high yields, it is necessary to maintain high levels of Nitrogen and Sulfur in the leaves until the final stages of seed development. These nutrients enhance photosynthesis and increase the production and composition of nutrients used for the development of the inflorescence, good fertilization, and seed filling.
It is applied as follows:
- 20% of the required Nitrogen (N)
It is recommended to apply Nitrogen fertilizers in Ammoniacal form (Sullfogran, NutrActive, Ωmega 26N & Fertammon) that are rich in Sulfur. These fertilizers increase the assimilation of Nitrogen and ensure excellent nutrition of the plants until the final stages of grain filling.
| Rice fertilizing | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tip đubriva | Vreme primene | Dosage per acre |
Dekastim turbo Micronutrients sulfogran 21-0-0 (58) | Surface fertilization | 30 – 40 kg |
Ωmega 26N 26-0-0 (+29) | Surface fertilization | 20 – 30 kg |
* Navedene količine primene su predlog, za konkretne programe primene đubriva u određenim zasadima i usevima, potražiti savet lokalnog agronoma.
(Basic – Surface Fertilization)
- ● Protection of fertilizer nutrients from the soil components and increase in their availability for the crop.
- ● Increased uptake and utilization of Phosphorus and essential cations (K, Mg, Ca) by the plants for an extended period.
- ● Chelation of Trace Elements (B, Zn) in the fertilizer, keeping them active for the plants during high demand periods.
- ● Immediate and medium-term supply of Nitrogen, adjusted to the rice plant’s needs.
- ● Creation of a strong root system for better nutrient and water uptake.
- ● Mobilization of bound soil nutrients and utilization by the crop.
- ● Additional supply of Sulfur for better utilization of Nitrogen and Phosphorus.
- ● Comprehensive nutrition and high per-hectare yields in all soil and climatic conditions.
(Surface Fertilization)
- ● Excellent supply of Nitrogen & Sulfur for optimal growth and high productivity.
- ● Maximizes Nitrogen uptake by plants due to the synergistic action with Sulfur.
- ● Ensures the nutritional sufficiency of the crop with Nitrogen during all growth stages.
- ● Promotes the formation of strong plants with a rich leaf surface and high photosynthetic activity.
- ● Increases the protein and carbohydrate content of the produced products.
- ● Stimulates the synthesis of organic compounds that enhance the plants’ resistance to diseases.
- ● Promotes the development of the root system for easier nutrient and water uptake.
- ● Converts Phosphorus and soil Trace Elements into usable ions for the plants.
- ● Supplies the soil with Sulfur, improving its structure and fertility.
- ● Guarantees a broad application range and uniform distribution of nutrients across the field.
- ● Achieves high per-hectare yields and excellent quality characteristics in all soil types.
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Rice can be successfully cultivated in a wide range of soil types; however, the highest yields are achieved in heavy, cohesive soils with high clay and silt content.
These soils are characterized by good water-holding capacity, a particularly important trait for maintaining a stable water level in rice paddies.
The crop’s sensitivity to salinity varies depending on its growth stage:
Rice is sensitive to salts from germination until the start of tillering, shows greater tolerance during vegetative growth, and becomes sensitive again during the reproductive phase.
In terms of acidity, rice grows satisfactorily in soils with a pH ranging from 5.0 to 8.5, with the ideal range being 6.0–6.5.
The unique nature of rice cultivation, due to the continuous flooding of the soil with water, makes adequate nutrition and targeted fertilization critical factors for the vigorous growth of the plants, the formation of a rich tillering system, and the achievement of high and high-quality grain yields.
| Godišnje nutritivne potrebe u kg / ha | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit Type | Azot (N) | Fosfor (P2O5) | Kalijum (K2O) | Sulphur (S) | |
| Rice | 20 – 25 | 8 – 11 | 20 – 25 | 3 – 4 | |
From Germination to the Start of Tillering
From germination to the appearance of the fourth leaf, the crop intensively develops its root system, which reaches its maximum growth during flowering. With the appearance of the fifth leaf, rapid vegetative growth begins, and the plant enters the tillering stage.
Basal fertilization plays a critical role in the establishment of the crop in the soil, creating the foundation for robust vegetative growth, a rich tillering process, and satisfactory production of inflorescences and seeds.
The flooding of the rice paddy makes the use of Nitrogen in Uric and Ammoniacal form necessary, as Nitrate Nitrogen is easily leached and lost from the soil.
Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) enhance the development of a rich root system and contribute to increasing plant height and leaf size. Potassium (K) improves root and leaf surface development, enhances water absorption, and contributes to the crop’s resistance to diseases.
Zinc (Zn) is essential for key metabolic processes of the root and plays a decisive role in photosynthetic capacity and overall vegetative growth.
From the Start to the End of Tillering
During this period, the plants progressively increase in height, develop new leaves, and enter the tillering stage.
The development, number, and productivity of the tillers are enhanced in conditions of high sunlight, intense photosynthetic activity, and good nutritional supply of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K).
The crop’s needs for Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) are covered by basal fertilization, while Nitrogen (N) is applied on the surface at the start of tillering.
A key factor in the selection of the surface fertilizer is the high content of Ammoniacal Nitrogen, as it is the preferred form of Nitrogen for the crop until it enters the reproductive stage.
Approximately two months after germination, the rice reaches its maximum number of tillers, and the crop enters the reproductive stage.
Nitrogen (N) – Accelerates vegetative growth, increases the number and size of leaves, enhances photosynthetic capacity, and promotes the formation of productive tillers.
Phosphorus (P) – Favors tillering and introduces the crop into the reproductive phase in a timely manner.
Potassium (K) – Contributes to determining the number of tillers and enhances the mechanical strength of the plants, reducing the risk of lodging.
From the End of Tillering to the End of Flowering
Towards the end of tillering, the differentiation of the inflorescence begins, and the number of grains that each panicle will bear is pre-determined. At the same time, the plants accelerate the growth of the root system, increase in height, and begin accumulating nutrients in their plant organs, which will be used during the development and filling of the grains. Approximately one month later, the plants reach their maximum height, and the development and expansion of the inflorescence are completed. Flowering and fertilization of the florets follow, lasting 7 to 10 days.
During this period, any environmental stress or lack of nutrients – especially Nitrogen – can significantly reduce the final yield, negatively affecting the size of the inflorescence, the number of spikelets, and the number of potential grains per panicle.
Surface fertilization with Nitrogen during the inflorescence formation stage is essential and one of the most important cultivation practices to ensure high production.
Nitrogen (N) – Stimulates vegetative growth, enhances photosynthesis, and increases the number and size of panicles, spikelets, and grains per panicle.
Phosphorus (P) – Promotes early flowering and increases the number of formed inflorescences.
Potassium (K) – Improves the production and composition of nutrients in the leaves and increases the number of spikelets per panicle and the percentage of filled grains.
Sulfur (S) – Has a positive effect on the size and number of inflorescences per plant and improves the yield and quality of the grains.
From the End of Flowering to Maturity
Immediately after the end of flowering, the development and filling of the grains begins, through the accumulation of carbohydrates from both the reserves of the plant organs and the ongoing photosynthetic activity of the leaves. The carbohydrates are then converted into starch, which gradually solidifies as the development of the grains completes.
Approximately two weeks after the end of flowering, the grains reach their maximum weight, with moisture ranging between 25-30%. As maturation continues, the moisture decreases to 18-21%, and the grains harden, signaling the appropriate stage for harvesting.
High sunlight and maintaining healthy foliage are crucial factors for achieving high and quality production, as the majority of carbohydrates used for grain filling are produced during this stage.
Nitrogen (N) – Maintains the active photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and contributes to the increase in grain weight.
Phosphorus (P) – Promotes uniform ripening and increases grain weight.
Potassium (K) – Supports the production and transport of carbohydrates from the leaves to the grains, enhancing their size, weight, and quality.
Basic fertilization provides the plants with the necessary nutrients for good establishment in the soil, the development of a strong root system, and the formation of vigorous vegetation. At the same time, it ensures the essential reserves of Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) that will be used in later critical stages, such as tillering, reproduction, and the formation and filling of grains.
It is applied as follows:
- 40% of the total required Nitrogen (N)
- Entire amount of Phosphorus (P)
- Entire amount of Potassium (K)
The Nitrogen in the basic fertilization should be applied in Uric and Ammoniacal form, to avoid leaching into deeper soil layers and ensure its availability for the crop.
It is recommended to use multi-nutrient fertilizers with polymer technology (Omega Orizon) that prevent the deactivation of nutrients in the soil, ensuring the sufficient supply of the plants with easily assimilable nutrients during all periods of high demand.
| Rice fertilizing | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tip đubriva | Vreme primene | Dosage per acre |
Ωmega orizon 32-6-8 (+8) +0,5Zn | Osnovno đubrenje | 50 – 70 kg |
* Navedene količine primene su predlog, za konkretne programe primene đubriva u određenim zasadima i usevima, potražiti savet lokalnog agronoma.
Surface Fertilization (Onset of Tillering)
Surface fertilization with Nitrogen at the onset of tillering enhances the formation of productive tillers, accelerates the vegetative growth of the plants, and supports the differentiation of reproductive organs. Simultaneously, it plays a crucial role in filling the grains in the later stages of the crop.
It is applied as follows:
- 40% of the required Nitrogen (N)
It is recommended to apply Nitrogen-rich fertilizers in Ammoniacal form (Sullfogran, NutrActive, Ωmega 26N & Fertammon) that provide smooth and balanced nutrition to the crop, protecting plants from lodging and disease (such as Pyricularia).
Surface Fertilization (Heading Stage)
Surface fertilization at the heading stage: To achieve high yields, it is necessary to maintain high levels of Nitrogen and Sulfur in the leaves until the final stages of seed development. These nutrients enhance photosynthesis and increase the production and composition of nutrients used for the development of the inflorescence, good fertilization, and seed filling.
It is applied as follows:
- 20% of the required Nitrogen (N)
It is recommended to apply Nitrogen fertilizers in Ammoniacal form (Sullfogran, NutrActive, Ωmega 26N & Fertammon) that are rich in Sulfur. These fertilizers increase the assimilation of Nitrogen and ensure excellent nutrition of the plants until the final stages of grain filling.
| Rice fertilizing | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tip đubriva | Vreme primene | Dosage per acre |
Dekastim turbo Micronutrients sulfogran 21-0-0 (58) | Surface fertilization | 30 – 40 kg |
Ωmega 26N 26-0-0 (+29) | Surface fertilization | 20 – 30 kg |
* Navedene količine primene su predlog, za konkretne programe primene đubriva u određenim zasadima i usevima, potražiti savet lokalnog agronoma.
(Basic – Surface Fertilization)
- ● Protection of fertilizer nutrients from the soil components and increase in their availability for the crop.
- ● Increased uptake and utilization of Phosphorus and essential cations (K, Mg, Ca) by the plants for an extended period.
- ● Chelation of Trace Elements (B, Zn) in the fertilizer, keeping them active for the plants during high demand periods.
- ● Immediate and medium-term supply of Nitrogen, adjusted to the rice plant’s needs.
- ● Creation of a strong root system for better nutrient and water uptake.
- ● Mobilization of bound soil nutrients and utilization by the crop.
- ● Additional supply of Sulfur for better utilization of Nitrogen and Phosphorus.
- ● Comprehensive nutrition and high per-hectare yields in all soil and climatic conditions.
(Surface Fertilization)
- ● Excellent supply of Nitrogen & Sulfur for optimal growth and high productivity.
- ● Maximizes Nitrogen uptake by plants due to the synergistic action with Sulfur.
- ● Ensures the nutritional sufficiency of the crop with Nitrogen during all growth stages.
- ● Promotes the formation of strong plants with a rich leaf surface and high photosynthetic activity.
- ● Increases the protein and carbohydrate content of the produced products.
- ● Stimulates the synthesis of organic compounds that enhance the plants’ resistance to diseases.
- ● Promotes the development of the root system for easier nutrient and water uptake.
- ● Converts Phosphorus and soil Trace Elements into usable ions for the plants.
- ● Supplies the soil with Sulfur, improving its structure and fertility.
- ● Guarantees a broad application range and uniform distribution of nutrients across the field.
- ● Achieves high per-hectare yields and excellent quality characteristics in all soil types.
